Yintoni i-nozsocle?

Igama le-nozzle ye-nozcogy livela emsebenzini-igama elithi "i-nozzle" lichaza ngokucacileyo indima yayo njengejelo elinyibilikayo, ngelixa "ibalaselisa imeko yalo yobushushu obuphezulu. Ngokokusetyenziswa kwayo okuthile, ii-nozzles zahlulwe zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi, ezinje nge-nozzles ephezulu, i-nozzles ephantsi, i-nozzles ephantsi, i-nozzles ephantsi, i-Nozzles enamanzi amaninzi, njl. Njl.

Yintoni i-nozsocle?

I-nozsopt i-nozzle yimveliso yezinto eziguqulweyo ezisetyenziselwa i-molten ye-molten (enje ngentsimbi ye-molten, intsimbi engekhoyo) okanye i-iron yentsimbi ye-Ilt, efana ne-iltlet efakelweyo ye-metlerlec

Iqinisekisa uzinzo noKhuseleko lwenkqubo yokunyibilika kunye nenkqubo yokuphosa ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lokuhamba, ireyithi yokuhamba kunye nokuhamba kwendlela yokuhamba. I-nozzles ye-nozzles ayifuneki njengamaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ihlala ingaphezulu kwe-1500 ° C), kodwa kufuneka ixhathise ukhukuliseko lwekhemikhali, ukubhukuda koomatshini, kunye nokutyibilika kwe-thermal.

Ubume kunye nezixhobo ze-nozzles ze-nozzles

Ukusebenza kwee-nozzs ze-nozscys kuxhomekeke ngqo kukhetho lwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo. Oku kulandelayo ngamacandelo ayo aphambili kunye neempawu zezinto ezibonakalayo:

1. Izinto eziphambili

I-Aluminium Carbon (Alūo₃-C): Ukucoceka kweAluminii I-Aluminium Carbon Nozzles zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiileyile kunye neempondo, kwaye zilungele ukulahla i-carbon yekharbon.
I-Aluminium Zircon (Al₂o₃-Zro₂-Z): I-Zircown-C): I-ZRoncon Axide (ZRO₂) yongezwa kwi-Alweminium Carbon ukuze iphucule i-erosion kunye nentsimbi ephakamileyo ye-manganese okanye amanye amabakala aphezulu ensimbi.
I-Aluminiina: Nge-Alumina Bauxite njengezixhobo eziphambili zemali, ilungele izihlandlo eziphantsi okanye i-carbon ye-carbon yentsimbi, kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi.
I-magnesium-carbon (i-MGO-C): Nge-magnesium oxide (i-MGO) njenge-matrix, izixhobo zekhabhoni zongezwa, zilungele imeko ye-Alkalinin ye-Alkalininun okanye amaBanga aBalulekileyo.
I-FADY RODZ: isetyenziselwa ukuphosa ezinye zentsimbi eziphantsi okanye ezingeyongozi, zinokuchasana nokothusayo, kodwa ukuxhathisa ukhula olubuthathaka.
Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo: ezinje nge-nozzles ye-i-zirconsium oxide kunye ne-famir engaphandle ye-Aluminium, idibanisa izibonelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo zokwenza umsebenzi wezinto ezahlukileyo zokwenza umsebenzi.

2. Uyilo lolwakhiwo

I-nozzleszihlala zihamba nge-cylindrical okanye i-qualical, kunye neendlela zokuhamba ngqo ngaphakathi (i-apertures yi-10-100 mm) ukulawula inqanaba lokuhamba. Ezinye ii-nozzles (ezinje ngee-nozzles zokuntywila) zenziwe ngeemilo ezizodwa, ezinje ngemingxunya yecala okanye iihektare ze-elliptical, ukwenza i-sthleil yendawo yokuhamba kwentsimbi ye-molstallizer. Umaleko wangaphandle unokugutyungelwa ngumkhono wensimbi (njengokutsala intsimbi) ukomeleza amandla oomatshini kunye nokukhusela ukuqhekeka kothusa nge-thermal.

I-3. Umsebenzi ongezelelweyo

Ukuphucula intsebenzo, ezi zongezo zilandelayo zihlala zongezwa kwii-nozzles ze-nozys:

I-Antioxididants: ezinje nge-silicon (i-SI) kunye ne-aluminium (i-al) i-aluminiyam (i-al), ukuthintela izixhobo zekharbon ukusuka kwi-oxiding kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

I-Stabilizers: ezinjengeesides ezinje nge-calcium (i-cao) kunye ne-magnesium (MGO), ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kothusayo kunye nokunganyangeki kothuko.

Iibhasi: ezinje nge-resins kunye ne-asphalt, ukuphucula amandla okuhlwaya kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu.

Imisebenzi yee-nozzles ze-nozzles

I-nozzles ye-nozzles yenza imisebenzi ephambili kwiinkqubo zeqondo le-methallgalical:

1. Ulawulo lokuhamba

I-nozzles ye-nozzles ilawula ngokuthe ngqo ireyithi yokuhamba kunye nokuhamba kokunyibilikisa ngobungakanani kunye nobume beendlela zabo zokuhamba zangaphakathi zangaphakathi. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo, i-nozzle enamanzi amancinci isebenzisana nenkqubo yokutsala i-nozzle yokuhlengahlengisa isantya apho intsimbi enesibetho ingena khona i-crystallizer ukuthintela iziphene ezibangelwa kukukhawuleza okanye kancinci.

2. Khusela ukunyibilika

I-nozzle enamatheli ayinzulu kwi-crystallizer ukuthintela intsimbi enyibilikisi ukuba ibonakale emoyeni, ukunciphisa i-oxidation kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weBillet. Ukongeza, uyilo olugudileyo lodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-nozzle lunokunciphisa isiphithiphithi ekuhambeni kokunyibilika size sinciphise umngcipheko we-slag.

I-3. Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa i-erosion

Ii-nozsopt ye-nozzleKufuneka ukumelana nefuthe lensimbi ye-molten okanye i-slag nge-1500-17 ° C. Ukunganyangeki okuphezulu kunye nokhukuliseko lwezinto eziphezulu zezinto ezibonakalayo ziqinisekisa ukuba ihlala izinzile ngexesha lokuphoxeka ezininzi kwaye inyusa ubomi benkonzo.

I-4. Uzinzo olungcungcuthekisayo

Xa i-vadle itshintshwa okanye iphofu iqalile kwaye iyayeka, i-nozzle iya kufumana utshintsho lobushushu obukhali. Ii-nozzles ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kothuko nge-thermal ngokuphumelela kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nolwakhiwo.

I-5. Thintela ukuvala

Kwisitena esiphezulu sealuminium okanye i-calcium-enentsimbi yentsimbi, i-alumini ye-alumina ingenziwa kwintsimbi e-molten, ebangela ukuba i-nozzle. I-nozzles ye-nozscys ihlala isebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlambela ze-anti-ethe-ethe (ezinje ngezixhobo eziqukethe i-CAO) Ukuthintela ukuvala ngokuvelisa izinto eziphantsi ze-inyibilike (ezinjengeCao · Alūo₃).

Amasimi esetyenziswayo ye-nozzles ebhaliweyo

I-nozzles ye-nozzles isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

1. I-Iron kunye ne-Steele

I-Ladle: I-Nozzles ephezulu nezantsi zisetyenziswa emazantsi e-fadle, kwaye zisebenzisane nenkqubo yokutsala i-nozzle yokulawula ukuhamba kwentsimbi yentsimbi.
I-Tundish: Ukuqokelela i-nozzle kunye ne-nozzle kunye ne-nozzle ezisetyenziselwa ukudlulisela intsimbi ye-molten ukusuka kwi-tundrish kwi-crystallizer yokuphucula inkqubo yokuphumelela.
I-Converter kunye neZiko loNcedo

I-2. Ukuntywila kwentsimbi

Ukunyibilika kwezikhwama ezingenantlonelo ezinjenge-aluminium, ubhedu, kunye ne-magnesium, i-nozssium, i-nozzles ye-ilcles isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuphosa i-nozzles ye-Aluminium Alloy Deesting.

I-3. Iglasi kunye ne-ceramic shishini

I-nozzles ye-nozscys isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kweqondo lokushisa okanye i-ceramic melts, kwaye kufuneka ibe nokukhohlisa kakhulu kunye nokuzinza komgangatho.

I-4. Amanye amashishini obushushu aphezulu

Njengokuthi njenge-robicge yefayili, amaqondo obushushu amaqondo eqondo lekhemikhali, njl. Njl., Njl.

Inkqubo yemveliso ye-nozzles

Ukuveliswa kwee-nozzles ze-nozscys kubandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yazo yentsebenzo ihlangabezana nemigangatho yemveliso:

1. Uluhlu lokukhetha kwezinto kunye nezithako
Khetha iAloumina ye-Alumina, i-ziirconum oxide, igrafu kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo, kwaye zilawula ngokungqongqo umxholo. Yongeza ii-antioxididants, iibhasi, njl. Ngokwe-formula umlinganiso kwaye udibanise ngokulinganayo.

2. Ukubumba
Sebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-isostatic okanye itekhnoloji yokuxinana ePhezulu yokuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo se-nozzle sincinci kwaye ijelo lokuhamba lichanekile. Ezinye ii-nozzles (ezinjengokuntywila) kufuneka zenziwe zibe yimilo entsonkothileyo ngenxa yezithako ezichanekileyo.

3. Ukutya
Ukuthimba kubushushu obuphezulu (i-1400-1800s ° I-C) kwi-ox) kwi-oxtgen-free (efana ne-nitrogen) yandisa amandla ezilwanyana kunye nokunganyangeki kothusayo. Ezinye iimveliso zisebenzisa i-seraning yesekethe okanye impanya yobushushu yokuphucula intsebenzo.

4. Unyango lomphezulu
I-Polish itshaneli yokuhamba okanye isebenzise umaleko we-anti-adhes (njenge-ZRO₂ COATER) ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kolusu kunye nolwelo. Umaleko wangaphandle unokugutyungelwa ngumkhono wensimbi okanye unyango lwe-oxidation.

5. Uvavanyo olusemgangathweni
I-Porosity, i-rocks kunye nokuchaneka kwe-nozzle itshekishwe ngeendlela ezingezizo ezonakalisayo ezinje ngee-X-rays kunye ne-ultrasound. Ingqungquthela yokusebenza kunye nokuxhathisa okhlisayo

Izibonelelo ze-nozzles ezihlaziyiweyo

Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwee-nozzles ze-nozscys kubushushu obuphezulu zivela kwizibonelelo ezilandelayo zilandelayo:

Ukuqina okuphezulu: Izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkqubo eziphezulu kunye neenkqubo ezinokuqinisekisa ukuba i-nozzles inokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinamathuba, kwaye ubomi obutsha bunokufikelela iiyure ezininzi kwiintsuku ezininzi kwiintsuku ezininzi kwiintsuku ezininzi kwiintsuku ezininzi iintsuku.
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo
Ukuxhathisa ukhukuliseko: kuxhathisa ukuphakanyiswa kweekhemikhali kunye noomatshini bokukhukuliseka kwentsimbi ye-molten kunye ne-slag, ukunciphisa iindleko zesondlo.
Uzinzo olothusayo lothusa:
Uyilo oluqhelekileyo: ii-nozzles zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcazo zihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo kwaye zinoluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zesicelo.

Njengoko eyona nto iphambili ishishini eliphezulu lobushushu, i-nozsopt idibanisa imisebenzi emininzi efana nokuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunganyangeki kunye nolawulo oluhambayo. Yinto engathethekiyo "ngasemva kwe-rones" kwi-iron kunye nentsimbi yensimbi, inyibiliki yentsimbi kunye namanye amashishini.