Ferro Alloys Anogadzirwa Sei?

Ferroalloys

Ferroalloys ishe alloys ane simbi uye imwe kana anopfuura simbi isina ferrous sealloying zvinhu. Ferroalloys inowanzokamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: maferroalloys akawanda (anogadzirwa muhuwandu mumagetsi arc furnaces) uye akakosha maferroalloys (akagadzirwa muhuwandu hudiki asi achiwedzera kukosha). Bulk ferroalloys inoshandiswa chete mukugadzira simbi nesimbi, nepo kushandiswa kweakakosha maferroalloys kwakasiyana. Kazhinji, inenge 90% yeferroalloys inoshandiswa mumhizha yesimbi.
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, ferroalloys inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: alloys akawanda (ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, silicon manganese uye ferronickel) uye alloys anokosha (ferrovanadium, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferrotitanium, ferroboron uyeferronobium).

Kugadzirwa kweFerroalloys

Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekugadzira ferroalloys, imwe ndeye kushandiswa kwekabhoni mukubatana nemaitiro akakodzera ekunyungudutsa, uye imwe ndeye metallothermic kuderedza nedzimwe simbi. Iyo yekare maitiro anowanzo kubatanidzwa nebatch mashandiro, nepo ekupedzisira achinyanya kushandiswa kutarisa kune akasarudzika epamusoro-giredhi alloys anowanzo ane yakaderera kabhoni yemukati.

Yakanyura Arc Maitiro

Iyo yakanyura arc maitiro ndeye kuderedza kunyungudutsa kushanda. Izvo zvinogadzirisa zvinoumbwa nesimbi ores (ferrous oxide, silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chrome oxide, nezvimwewo). uye inoderedza mumiriri, kabhoni sosi, kazhinji iri muchimiro checoke, marasha, akakwirira uye akadzika marasha anopisa, kana sawdust. Limestone inogonawo kuwedzerwa se flux. Iyo mbishi inopwanyiwa, yakagadzikwa, uye mune dzimwe nguva, yakaomeswa, isati yaendeswa kukamuri yekusanganiswa yekuyera uye kusanganisa.

Maconveyor, mabhakiti, skip elevator, kana mota dzinoendesa zvinhu zvakagadziriswa kune hopper pamusoro pechoto. Musanganiswa wacho unobva wadyiswa negiravhiti kuburikidza nechute yekudyisa, ingave ichienderera kana kupindirana, sezvinodiwa. Pakupisa kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo yekuita, kabhoni sosi inopindirana nesimbi oxides kuita kabhoni monoxide uye inoderedza ore kuita simbi dzepasi.

Kunyungudika muvira remagetsi arc kunoitwa nekushandura simba remagetsi kuita kupisa. Alternating current inoshandiswa kune electrode inoita kuti magetsi ayerere nemuchaji pakati pemazano e electrode. Izvi zvinopa reaction zone ine tembiricha yakakwira kusvika 2000°C (3632°F). Sezvo ikozvino inochinja ichiyerera pakati pemazano e electrode, muromo we electrode yega yega unoramba uchichinja polarity. Kuchengetedza yunifomu yemagetsi mutoro, kudzika kwe electrode kunongosiyana-siyana nekuenderera mberi nemichina kana hydraulic nzira.

Exothermic (metallothermic) maitiro

Exothermic maitiro anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira epamusoro-giredhi alloys ane yakaderera kabhoni yemukati. Iyo yepakati yakanyungudutswa alloy inoshandiswa mune iyi maitiro inogona kuuya yakananga kubva pasi pemvura arc choto kana kubva kune imwe mhando yekudziya mudziyo. Silicon kana aruminiyamu inosanganiswa neokisijeni mune yakanyungudutswa alloy, zvichikonzera kukwira kwakanyanya kwekushisa uye kubvongodza kwakanyanya kwekugezesa kwakanyungudutswa.

Ferrochromium (FeCr) uye ferromanganese (FeMn) yepasi uye yepakati kabhoni yemukati inogadzirwa nesilicon kuderedza. Aluminium kuderedza inoshandiswa kugadzira metallic chromium,ferrotitanium, ferrovanadiumuye ferronobium.Ferromolybdenumuyeferrotungsteninogadzirwa neyakasanganiswa aluminium uye silicon kupisa kupisa maitiro. Kunyange zvazvo aluminium inodhura kudarika kabhoni kana silicon, chigadzirwa chacho chakachena. Low carbon (LC) ferrochromium inowanzogadzirwa nekunyungudusa chrome ore uye lime muchoto.

Huwandu hwakatarwa hweferrosilicon yakanyungudutswa inozoiswa muladhi resimbi. Nhamba inozivikanwa yepakati giredhi ferrosilicon inozowedzerwa kune ladle. Maitiro acho akanyanya exothermic uye anosunungura chromium kubva kune ayo ore, ichigadzira LC ferrochrome uye calcium silicate slag. Iyi slag, iyo ichine chromium oxide inogoneka, inopindirana neyakanyungudutswa yakakwira kabhoni ferrochrome mune yechipiri ladle kuburitsa yepakati giredhi ferrochrome. Exothermic maitiro anowanzo itwa mumidziyo yakavhurika uye anogona kuburitsa emissions yakafanana neyakanyura arc maitiro kwenguva pfupi panguva yekudzikisa.