Kodi mphuno yamtundu wapamwamba ndi iti?

Dzinalo la mphuno zowoneka bwino limachokera ku ntchito yake - mawu oti "mphuno" amalongosola bwino udindo wake womwe ukuwonongeratu kuti sungunulani bwino. Malinga ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito, zonyansa zovomerezeka zimatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yambiri, monga ma hezzles apamwamba, ma nozzles apamwamba, nozzles nozzles, etc.

Kodi mphuno yamtundu wapamwamba ndi iti?

Mfuti yofiyira ndi chinthu chothandiza kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chitsulo chotentha kwambiri (monga chitsulo chosungunula) chosungunula) kapena kusungunuka chopumira kapena chopukutira, Converter, Conversish, THEDER).

Imawonetsetsa kukhazikika ndi kuteteza kwa kusungunuka ndikuponyera njira yowongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi njira yolowera. Zonunkhira zosinthidwa sizingofunika kuthana ndi kutentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri zopitilira 1500 ° C), komanso kuyenera kukana kulala kwa mankhwala, kukwiya kwamakina, ndi zowonongeka zamatenthedwe kuchokera kusungunuka ndi slag.

Kapangidwe ndi zida za nozzles oyenera

Magwiridwe antchito ophatikizika amadalira mwachindunji pamakonzedwe awo akuthupi komanso kapangidwe kake. Otsatirawa ndi zigawo zake zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe amthupi:

1. Zida zazikulu

Aluminium kaboni (Al₂o₃-C): Phula Laukulu Kwambiri (Al₂o₃) limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu, ndi zida za mpweya (monga graphite) zimawonjezeredwa kuti zikulepheretse mafuta. Mantha a aluminium kaboni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maso ndikugundika, ndipo ndioyenera kuponyera chitsulo wamba kaboni wamba.
Aluminiyamu Zirbon Carbon (Al₂o₃-ZROE-C): Zirconium Oxide
Alumu-alumina: okhala ndi alumina okwera kwambiri ngati zida zazikulu zopangira, ndizoyenera nthawi yotsika-yotsika kapena mpweya wamba kaboni, ndipo ali ndi mtengo wotsika.
Magnesium-carbon (mGA-C): Ndi Magnesium oxide (MGA) monga matrix, zopangidwa ndi ma carbon zimawonjezeredwa, zoyenererana zapadera.
Wosankhidwa quartz: Ntchito yopanga zitsulo zotsika kapena zowonera, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoopsa, koma zofooka zofooka.
Zipangizo zophatikizika: monga ma nozzles ophatikizika ndi zirconium oxide chapamwamba ndi wosanjikiza wakunja wa aluminium, kuphatikiza zabwino za zida zosiyanasiyana kuti athe kuyesetsa kuchitapo kanthu.

2. Mapangidwe apangidwe

NozzleNthawi zambiri amakhala ma cylindrical kapena okhazikika, omwe ali ndi njira molondola mkati (mawonekedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala 10-100 mm) kuti ayang'anire kusungunuka. Zopweteka zina (monga zozizwitsa) zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera, monga mabowo kapena malo ogulitsa mbali, kuti mukonzekere kufalikira kosungunuka komwe kumayambira shruen. Wosanjikiza wakunja amatha kuphimbidwa ndi malaya achitsulo (monga malaya achitsulo) kuti apititse mphamvu zamakina ndikutchinjiriza.

3. Zowonjezera zowonjezera

Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe, zowonjezera zotsatirazi zimawonjezeredwa kawiri kawiri konse:

Antioxidants: monga silika (si) ndi aluminiyamu (al) ufa, kuteteza zida za mpweya kuti zisankhidwe kwambiri.

Otsutsa: Zotere ngati calcium monga calcium (CAO) ndi magnesium (MGA), kuti ipititse patsogolo magetsi kukana ndi kukokoloka.

Mangani: monga ma remins ndi phula, kuti athe kuumba mphamvu ndi kusakhazikika kwamanja.

Ntchito za nozzles oyenera

Ma nozzles Okonzanso amagwira ntchito zazikuluzikulu mu metalsical njira:

1. Kuyendetsa Bwino

Nyuzipepala zosinthidwa ndendende zimawongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndikuyenda kwa kusungunuka kudzera mu kukula ndi mawonekedwe a njira zawo zamkati. Mwachitsanzo, pakusintha kosalekeza, mphuno zokhazikika zimagwirizana ndi makina owombera omwe amasintha liwiro pomwe chitsulo chosungunula kuti mupewe mwachangu kwambiri kapena wodekha kwambiri.

2. Tetezani kusungunuka

Mfuzi yokhazikika imalowa mkati mwa christolizer kuti ilepheretse chitsulo chosungunuka kuti isapangidwe ndi mpweya, kuchepetsa makutidwe ndi mapangidwe a billet, ndikusintha mtundu wa billet. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe osalala a khoma lamkati mwamwano amatha kuchepetsa chipwirikiti mumasungunuke ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuphatikizika kwa slag.

3. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukana kwa kukokoloka

Amphuno yokonzansoamafunika kuthana ndi zitsulo zosungunula kapena slag pa 1500-1700 ° C. Kutsutsa kwakukulu ndi kukokoloka kwa zinthu zakunja kwa zinthuzo kutsimikizika nthawi yayitali ndikuthandizira moyo wake wa ntchito.

4. Kukhazikika kwamphamvu

Mukayamba kusinthidwa kapena kuponyera kumayambika ndikuyimitsidwa, msondowo umasintha kutentha kwambiri. Ma nozzles apamwamba kwambiri amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwa mafuta pakutha kupanga zinthu zakuthupi komanso kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake.

5. Pewani Cleagging

Kwa chitsulo chosalala kapena calcium-calcium okhala ndi chitsulo, alumina zokongoletsera zitha kupangidwa mu chitsulo chosungunuka, ndikuyambitsa kupindika. Zonunkhira zodziwika bwino nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zida za anti-zomatira (monga zida zophatikizika zomwe zili ndi CAO) kuti muchepetse zinthu zotsika mtengo (monga Caol₂oo).

Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi

Ma nozzles oyenera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yotsatirayi:

1. Chitsulo ndi chitsulo chachitsulo

Ladle: Zakudya zam'mwamba kwambiri komanso zotsika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa boloni, ndipo zimagwirizana ndi njira yodulira yowombera kuti muwongolere kutuluka kwa chitsulo.
Tundish: Theotsatsani mphuno zosonkhanitsa ndi mphuno yomizidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa zitsulo zosungunula ku crystash kupita ku crystallingo kuti mukonzenso njira yosatha.
Converter ndi ntchentche yamagetsi: Ma Nyuzipepala ophatikizika amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo achitsulo kuti athe kupirira kukokololoka kwa chitsulo chamadzi kwambiri ndi slag.

2.

Mukununkhira kwa zitsulo zopanda mphamvu monga aluminiyamu, mkuwa, magnenesium, nozzel, zonunkhira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma notzziya mu alumuniyamu.

3.. Magalasi ndi CDRATIC

Ma nozzles oyenera amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa galimoto yotentha kwambiri kapena ceramic isungunuka, ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi kutsutsana kwambiri ndi kukhazikika kwambiri.

4. Mafakitale ena ambiri

Monga othandizira zinyalala, kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri, etc.

Kupanga ndondomeko za nozzles

Kupanga zonunkhira zolembetsa kumaphatikizapo njira zambiri zovuta kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo ikukwaniritsa miyezo ya mafakitale:

1. Zosankhidwa ndi zosakaniza ndi zosakaniza
Sankhani Alumina Alumina Alumina, Zirconium oxide, graphite ndi zida zina zophika, komanso sinthani bwino zodetsa. Onjezerani ma antioxidants, omanga, etc. Malinga ndi gawo la forpuo ndi kusakaniza mobwerezabwereza.

2. Kuumba
Gwiritsani ntchito makina okakamiza kapena ukadaulo wambiri wowumbidwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti mawonekedwe amwambo ndi andimiyala ndi njira yolowera. Zopweteka zina (monga zozizwitsa) zimayenera kupangidwa m'mitundu yovuta ndi nkhungu.

3. Tchimo
Kuchotsa kutentha kwakukulu (1400-1800 ° C) mumlengalenga womasuka kapena woteteza (monga nayitrogeni) kumawonjezera mphamvu zakuthupi ndi mphamvu zoopsa. Zogulitsa zina zimagwiritsa ntchito chinyengo chachiwiri kapena kutentha kwa kutentha kuti mukwaniritse ntchito.

4. Chithandizo cha Pacom
Kupukutira njira yoyenda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsutsa (monga ZRA YOSAVUTA KUSINTHA KWAMBIRI) kuti muthe kuthana ndi madzi. Wosanjikiza wakunja amatha kuphimbidwa ndi chovala chamanja chachitsulo kapena mankhwala otsutsa-oxidation.

5..
Chisoni, ming'alu ndi mawonekedwe olondola amwano amayang'aniridwa ndi njira zosatsutsika monga X-rays ndi ultrasound. Kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera komanso kukokoloka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso osinthira a labotale.

Zabwino za nozzles oyenera

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa nozzles oyenera m'mafakitale ambiri amayambira kuchokera pamawu ake:

Kukhazikika kwakukulu: Zipangizo zapamwamba komanso njira zopangira zonunkhira zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta, ndipo moyo umodzi umatha maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo.
Choyenera: Kulondola kwa njira yotuluka kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa kusungunuka ndikusintha mtundu.
Kukana Kukula: Chimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu ku kukokoloka kwamankhwala ndi kukokoloka kwamakina kwa chitsulo chosungunula ndi slag, kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza.
Thermal shopu yodabwitsa: Njira yotsimikizika yotsimikizika imachepetsa chiopsezo cha mafuta owombera ndikumasintha njira zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi.
Mapangidwe osiyanasiyana: Zosasinthika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi zochitika zingapo zofunsira.

Monga gawo lazomwe limapanga mafakitale otentha kwambiri, mphuno zosinthidwa Ndizofunikira kwambiri "ngwazi zachitsulo" mu chitsulo ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, chosakhala chitsulo chopanda chitsulo komanso mafakitale ena.