Ferro Tungstenma alloys nthawi zambiri amatanthauza ma alloys opangidwa ndi tungsten (W) ndi chitsulo (Fe). Nthawi zambiri,
tungsten-iron aloyialibe maginito. Izi ndichifukwa choti tungsten yokha ndi chitsulo chosagwiritsa ntchito maginito, ndipo chitsulo chomwe chili mu aloyi achitsulo cha tungsten nthawi zambiri chimakhala chochepa, chomwe sichingapatse alloy magnetism.
Tungsten Ndi Magnetism Ake
Tungsten, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa tungsten, ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi atomiki nambala 74 ndi chizindikiro cha W. Magnetic elements nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ferromagnetic elements, omwe amadziwika ndi ma elekitironi osagwirizanitsa. Tungsten ilinso ndi ma elekitironi omwe samaphatikizidwa mu chipolopolo chake chakunja, ndikupangitsa kuti iwonetse mtundu wina wa maginito. Ma electron amapita kumalo akunja a maginito, kumapanga mphindi yamagetsi yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola pang'ono ku mphamvu ya maginito.
Komabe, tungsten imakhalanso ndi dipole yomwe imayenda mosiyana ndi mphamvu yakunja, yomwe imalepheretsa maginito ake. Izi zimapangitsa kuwonetsa paramagnetism.
Kodi Tungsten Alloy Magnetic?
Kaya ma aloyi a tungsten amatha kuwonetsa maginito zimatengera chitsulo chomwe amaphatikizidwa. Ma alloys awa amaphatikizidwa ndi chitsulo chachikulu pamodzi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofufuza.
M'malo mwake, tungsten itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma alloys ambiri omwe angakhale ndi maginito osiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo cha tungsten ndi maginito chifukwa chimakhala ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi ferromagnetic iron. Izi zilinso ndi kuchuluka kwa vanadium ndi molybdenum pamodzi ndi 8% tungsten.
Tungsten carbide imathanso kuwonetsa maginito, kutengera zitsulo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga alloying. Tungsten carbide imafuna chitsulo cholumikizira kuti chiphatikize bwino ndipo kusankha kwachitsulo kumakhudza maginito ake. Ngati cobalt kapena chitsulo chikuphatikizidwa mu alloy ndiye kuti idzakhala maginito, kumbali ina ngati faifi yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndiye kuti idzakhala maginito.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Magnetism a Tungsten
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza maginito a tungsten. Zinthu izi zikuphatikizapo:
Kutentha:Izi zimadalira lamulo la Curie lomwe limanena kuti kutengeka kwa maginito kwa zinthu za paramagnetic kumayenderana ndi kutentha. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumachepetsa mphamvu ya maginito, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa maginito. Kutentha kochepa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya maginito ya tungsten.
Ntchito maginito:Mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imakhudza momwe ma elekitironi amayendera mu tungsten. Mphamvu ya maginito yolimba imalola chinthucho kukhala ndi luso lofooka kwakanthawi lomwe limasowa mphamvu ya maginito ikachotsedwa.
Zomangamanga:Kwa ma alloys a tungsten, zinthu zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, cobalt imadziwika kuti imapangitsa kuti zinthu izi zitheke, pomwe faifi tambala imalepheretsa zomwe zidalipo kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chisakhale maginito.
Zolemba:Zolemba zenizeni za chinthu ichi zimakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ya maginito ya tungsten pamodzi ndi chiwerengero cha ma electron osaphatikizidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa dipoles ndi makonzedwe awo.
Ntchito ndi Kufunika kwa Tungsten
Monga chinthu chofunikira chachitsulo,
tungstenili ndi ntchito zambiri komanso zofunikira pazamakampani ndi sayansi ndiukadaulo. Zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kufunikira kwa tungsten:
1. Kutentha kwambiri kwa alloy kupangaTungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri popanga ma alloys otentha kwambiri. Ma alloys otentha kwambiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, ma aeroengines, magetsi a nyukiliya ndi mafakitale amafuta, ndipo amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika.
2. Kudula zida ndi abrasivesChifukwa cha kuuma kwakukulu ndi kukana kuvala kwa tungsten, ma alloys a tungsten amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zodulira, zobowolera, ma abrasives ndi zida zopera. Zidazi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza zitsulo, migodi ndi mafakitale ena.
3. Makampani opanga zamagetsi
Tungsten amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga zamagetsi kupanga maelekitirodi, machubu owumitsa, zida zamagetsi ndi zida za semiconductor. Kusungunuka kwake kwakukulu ndi kukhazikika kumapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi.
4. Malo azachipatala
Ma aloyi a Tungsten amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamankhwala, zida zoteteza ma radiation ndi zida za radiotherapy. Kachulukidwe wake wapamwamba komanso chitetezo cha radiation zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri pazachipatala.
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5. Munda wa mphamvu za nyukiliya
Tungsten imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wamagetsi a nyukiliya kupanga zida zowongolera zowongolera zida za nyukiliya ndi zida zina za nyukiliya. Kuchuluka kwake komanso kusungunuka kwake kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho choyenera kuzinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
6. Ntchito zina
Tungsten imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma alloys olimba kwambiri, zida zam'mlengalenga, magalasi owoneka bwino, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zina zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kwathandizira kwambiri.
Mwachidule, tungsten, monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha uinjiniya, ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera akuthupi ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izikhala ndi gawo lalikulu m'magawo ambiri. Kuuma kwake kwakukulu, malo osungunuka kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kukhazikika kwake kumapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi sayansi. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha sayansi ndi luso lamakono, gawo logwiritsira ntchito tungsten lidzapitiriza kukula ndikupereka zambiri pakupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha anthu.
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