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Kodi Ferro Alloys Amapangidwa Motani?

Tsiku: Aug 7th, 2024
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Ferroalloys

Ferroalloys ndi ma aloyi apamwamba okhala ndi chitsulo ndi chitsulo chimodzi kapena zingapo zosakhala ngati ma aloyi. Ferroalloys nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma ferroalloys ochuluka (opangidwa mochulukira m'ng'anjo zamagetsi zamagetsi) ndi ma ferroalloys apadera (opangidwa mocheperako koma kufunikira kokulirakulira). Ma ferroalloys ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito ma ferroalloys apadera kumakhala kosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, pafupifupi 90% ya ferroalloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azitsulo.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma ferroalloys amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: ma alloys ambiri (ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, silicon manganese ndi ferronickel) ndi ma aloyi apadera (ferrovanadium, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferrotitaniyamu, ferroboron ndiferronobium).

Kupanga kwa Ferroalloys

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira ma ferroalloys, imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosakanikirana ndi njira zoyenera zosungunulira, ndipo ina ndiyo kuchepetsa metallothermic ndi zitsulo zina. Njira yakale nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito zamagulu, pomwe yomalizayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyang'ana ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa.
kupanga ferro alloy

Njira ya Submerged Arc

Njira yothira madzi arc ndi ntchito yochepetsera kusungunula. Ma reactants amakhala ndi zitsulo zachitsulo (ferrous oxide, silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chrome oxide, etc.). ndi kuchepetsa wothandizila, mpweya gwero, kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe a coke, makala, mkulu ndi otsika malasha osakhazikika, kapena utuchi. Mwala wa laimu ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati kusinthasintha. Zopangirazo zimaphwanyidwa, kugawidwa, ndipo nthawi zina, zowumitsidwa, zisanatumizidwe kuchipinda chosanganikirana kuti ayese ndi kusakaniza.

Ma conveyor, zidebe, zikepe zodumphira, kapena magalimoto amatumiza zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa ku hopper pamwamba pa ng'anjo. Chosakanizacho chimadyetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka kudzera mu chute ya chakudya, mosalekeza kapena modumphadumpha, ngati pakufunika. Pakutentha kwambiri kwa malo ochitirako, gwero la kaboni limakumana ndi ma oxides achitsulo kupanga carbon monoxide ndikuchepetsa miyalayo kukhala zitsulo zoyambira.

Kusungunula mu ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi kumatheka potembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala kutentha. Kusinthasintha kwamagetsi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maelekitirodi kumapangitsa kuti magetsi aziyenda pakati pa nsonga za electrode. Izi zimapereka malo ochitirako kutentha kwambiri mpaka 2000°C (3632°F). Pamene kusinthasintha kwamakono kumayenda pakati pa nsonga za electrode, nsonga ya electrode iliyonse imasintha mosalekeza polarity. Kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yofanana, kuya kwa electrode kumasinthasintha mosalekeza ndi makina kapena ma hydraulic.

kupanga ferro alloy

Exothermic (metallothermic) njira

Njira za Exothermic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi mpweya wochepa. Aloyi wapakatikati wosungunula womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi ukhoza kubwera molunjika kuchokera ku ng'anjo ya arc yomwe ili pansi pamadzi kapena kuchokera kumtundu wina wazotenthetsera. Silikoni kapena aluminiyamu imaphatikizana ndi okosijeni mu aloyi wosungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwambiri komanso kugwedezeka kwamadzi osungunuka.

Ferrochromium (FeCr) ndi ferromanganese (FeMn) ya carbon low ndi medium carbon content amapangidwa ndi kuchepetsa silicon. Kuchepetsa kwa aluminiyumu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo chromium,ferrotitaniyamu, ferrovanadiumndi ferronobium.Ferromolybdenumndiferrotungstenamapangidwa ndi njira yothira kutentha kwa aluminium ndi silicon. Ngakhale aluminium ndi yokwera mtengo kuposa carbon kapena silicon, mankhwalawa ndi oyera. Low carbon (LC) ferrochromium nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi kusungunula ore chrome ndi laimu mu ng'anjo.

Kuchuluka kwapadera kwa ferrosilicon yosungunuka imayikidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo. Chiwerengero chodziwika cha ferrosilicon chapakati chimawonjezeredwa ku ladle. Zomwe zimachitikira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimamasula chromium ku miyala yake, kupanga LC ferrochrome ndi calcium silicate slag. Slag iyi, yomwe ikadali ndi chromium oxide yomwe ingathe kubwezeredwa, imakumana ndi ferrochrome yapakatikati yosungunuka mu ladle yachiwiri kuti ipange ferrochrome wapakati. Njira zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimachitikira m'zombo zotseguka ndipo zimatha kutulutsa mpweya wofanana ndi momwe madzi amachitira arc kwa nthawi yochepa panthawi yochepetsera.