Ferroalloys
Ferroalloys bụ nnukwu alloys nwere ígwè na otu ma ọ bụ karịa ọla ndị na-abụghị ndị na-emepụta ihe. A na-ekewakarị Ferroalloys ụzọ abụọ: nnukwu ferroalloys (nke a na-emepụta n'ọtụtụ dị na ọkụ ọkụ eletrik) na ferroalloys pụrụ iche (nke a na-emepụta na obere ntakịrị ma ọ dị mkpa). A na-eji nnukwu ferroalloys naanị na nchara nchara na nchara nchara, ebe ojiji nke ferroalloys pụrụ iche dị iche iche. N'ozuzu, ihe dị ka 90% nke ferroalloys na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ ígwè.
Dịka e kwuru n'elu, enwere ike kewaa ferroalloys ụzọ abụọ: nnukwu alloys (
ferrochrome,
ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, silicon manganese na ferronickel) na pụrụ iche alloys (
Ferrovanadium,
ferromolybdenum,
ferotungsten,
ferrotitanium, ferroboron na
ferroniobium).
Mmepụta nke Ferroalloys
Enwere ụzọ abụọ bụ isi nke imepụta ferroalloys, otu bụ iji carbon yana usoro ịgbaze kwesịrị ekwesị, nke ọzọ bụ mbelata metallothermic na ọla ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikọkarị usoro mbụ ya na ọrụ batch, ebe a na-ejikarị nke ikpeazụ lekwasị anya na alloys dị elu pụrụ iche nke na-enwekarị ọdịnaya carbon dị ala.
Usoro Arc dị n'ime mmiri
Usoro arc na-emikpu bụ mbelata ọrụ mgbaze. Ndị na-emeghachi omume na-agụnye ọla kọpa (ferrous oxide, silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chrome oxide, wdg). na ihe na-ebelata ihe, isi iyi carbon, na-adịkarị n'ụdị coke, unyi, icheku dị elu na nke dị ala, ma ọ bụ sawdust. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye nkume nzu dị ka mgbanwe. A na-egwepịa ihe ndị ahụ, chịkọta ya, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-akpọnwụ tupu ebuga ya n'ọnụ ụlọ a na-agwakọta maka ịtụ na ịgwakọta.
Ihe nfefe, bọket, igwe mbuli elu, ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala na-ebuga ihe a haziri n'otu ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala n'elu ọkụ. A na-enyezi ngwakọta a n'ike ndọda site na ebe a na-eri nri, na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ na-adịte aka, dị ka achọrọ. N'ebe okpomọkụ dị elu nke mpaghara mmeghachi omume, isi iyi carbon na-emeghachi omume na metal oxides na-emepụta carbon monoxide ma na-ebelata ore na ntọala ọla.
A na-arụ ọrụ ịgbaze n'ọkụ ọkụ eletrik site n'ịgbanwe ike eletrik ka ọ bụrụ okpomọkụ. Mgbanwe nke ugbu a etinyere na electrodes na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na chaja n'etiti ndụmọdụ electrode. Nke a na-enye mpaghara mmeghachi omume nwere okpomoku ruru 2000°C (3632°F). Dị ka mgbanwe nke ugbu a na-aga n'etiti ndụmọdụ electrode, n'ọnụ nke ọ bụla electrode na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe polarity. Iji nọgide na-ebu otu eletrik, omimi electrode na-agbanwe ozugbo site na igwe ma ọ bụ hydraulic.
Exothermic (metallothermic) usoro
A na-ejikarị usoro exothermic na-emepụta alloys dị elu nke nwere obere carbon ọdịnaya. Alloy a wụrụ awụ nke etiti a na-eji eme ihe na usoro a nwere ike isite na ọkụ arc dị n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ n'ụdị ngwaọrụ kpo oku ọzọ. Silicon ma ọ bụ aluminom na-ejikọta ya na ikuku oxygen na alloy a wụrụ awụ, na-ebute mmụba dị elu na okpomọkụ na mkpali siri ike nke bat a wụrụ awụ.
Ferrochromium (FeCr) na ferromanganese (FeMn) nke ọdịnaya carbon dị ala na nke ọkara na-emepụta site na mbelata silicon. A na-eji mbelata aluminom mepụta chromium ọla,
ferrotitanium,
Ferrovanadiumna ferroniobium.
Ferromolybdenumna
ferotungstenna-emepụta site na ngwakọta aluminom na silicon okpomọkụ usoro ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na aluminom dị ọnụ karịa carbon ma ọ bụ silicon, ngwaahịa ahụ dị ọcha. A na-emepụta ferrochromium dị ala (LC) site na agbaze chrome ore na lime n'ime ọkụ.
A na-etinyekwa ego ole ferrosilicon a wụrụ awụ n'ime akwa nchara. A na-etinyezie ferrosilicon ọkwa etiti ama ama na ladle. Mmeghachi omume ahụ dị oke oke ma na-atọhapụ chromium site na ọla ya, na-emepụta LC ferrochrome na calcium silicate slag. Slag a, nke ka nwere chromium oxide nke nwere ike nwetaghachi, na-emeghachi omume na carbon ferrochrome dị elu a wụrụ awụ na ladle nke abụọ iji mepụta ferrochrome ọkwa ọkara. A na-emekarị usoro exothermic n'ime ụgbọ mmiri mepere emepe ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe ndị dị ka usoro arc na-emikpu maka obere oge n'oge usoro mbelata.
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