Titanium a me Ferrotitanium
ʻO ka Titanium ponoʻī he mea metala hoʻololi me ka ʻulaʻula metala, maʻamau ke kala-hinahina. Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka titanium ponoʻī he metala ferrous. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Ferrotitanium he metala ferrous no ka mea he hao.
Ferrotitaniumhe hao hao i loaʻa i ka 10-20% hao a me 45-75% titanium, i kekahi manawa me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kalapona. Hoʻoikaika nui ka alloy me ka nitrogen, oxygen, carbon a me sulfur e hana i nā pūhui insoluble. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā waiwai kino o ka ferrotitanium: density 3845 kg /m3, helu hoʻoheheʻe 1450-1500 ℃.
ʻOkoʻa ma waena o nā metala ferrous a me nā metala ʻole
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā metala ferrous a me nā metala nonferrous ʻo ia ka hao. ʻO nā metala ferrous, e like me ka hao hoʻolei a i ʻole ke kila kalapona, he kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke kalapona, ʻo ia ka mea e maʻalahi lākou i ka pala ke ʻike ʻia i ka makū.
ʻO nā metala nonferrous e pili ana i nā huila a i ʻole nā metala i loaʻa ʻole ka nui o ka hao. ʻO nā metala maʻemaʻe a pau he mau mea hao ʻole, koe wale nō ka hao (Fe), ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ferrite, mai ka huaʻōlelo Latin "ferrum," ʻo ia hoʻi "hao."
ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā metala nonferrous ma mua o nā metala ferrous akā hoʻohana ʻia no ko lākou mau waiwai i makemake ʻia, e like me ke kaumaha māmā (aluminum), ka hoʻoili uila kiʻekiʻe (keleawe), a me nā waiwai kūʻē ʻole a i ʻole corrosion (zinc). Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau mea nonferrous i loko o ka ʻoihana kila, e like me ka bauxite, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka flux i nā umu ahi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā metala nonferrous ʻē aʻe, me ka chromite, pyrolusite, a me ka wolframite, e hana i nā ferroalloys. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā metala nonferrous i nā wahi heheʻe haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā noi ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa maʻamau nā metala nonferrous mai nā minela e like me carbonates, silicates, a me sulfides, a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e ka electrolysis.
ʻO nā laʻana o nā metala ferrous i hoʻohana mau ʻia e like me ke kila, ke kila kila, ke kila kalapona, ka hao hao, a me ka hao wili.
Nui nā ʻano mea nonferrous, e uhi ana i kēlā me kēia metala a me nā mea hao ʻole. ʻO nā metala nonferrous ka aluminika, ke keleawe, ke kēpau, ka nickel, ka tin, ka titanium, a me ka zinc, a me nā mea hao keleawe e like me ke keleawe a me ke keleawe. ʻO nā metala waiwai ʻole ʻē aʻe he gula, kālā a me ka platinum, cobalt, mercury, tungsten, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium a me zirconium.
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Nā Metala Ferrous |
Nā Metala ʻAʻole Ferrous |
Mea Hao |
Loaʻa i nā metala ferrous ka nui o ka hao, ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% ma ke kaumaha.
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ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hao i nā metala ʻole. Loaʻa iā lākou ka hao ma lalo o 50%.
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Na Waiwai Magnetic |
ʻO nā metala ferrous he magnetic a hōʻike i ka ferromagnetism. Hiki iā lākou ke huki i nā magnets. |
ʻO nā metala non-ferrous he non-magnetic a ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka ferromagnetism. ʻAʻole hoihoi lākou i nā magnets.
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Pilikia ʻino |
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi i ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻinoʻino ke ʻike ʻia i ka makū a me ka oxygen, ma muli o kā lākou mea hao.
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ʻOi aku ka paʻa o lākou i ka ʻōpala a me ka corrosion, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea waiwai i nā noi kahi e hopohopo ai ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai. |
ʻO ka mānoanoa |
ʻOi aku ke kaumaha o nā metala ferrous ma mua o nā metala non-ferrous.
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ʻOi aku ka māmā a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā metala nonferrous ma mua o nā metala ferrous. |
Ka ikaika a me ka paʻa |
Uaʻikeʻia lākou no ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi, e kūpono ana iā lākou no ka hoʻolālā a me ka laweʻana i ka ukana.
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ʻO ka nui o nā metala non-ferrous, e like me ke keleawe a me ke alumini, he mea hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka uila a me ka wela.
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Nā noi o Ferrotitanium
ʻOihana Aerospace:ferrotitanium huilahoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana aerospace ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa corrosion a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā hale mokulele, nā ʻāpana mīkini, missile a me nā ʻāpana rocket, etc.
ʻOihana Kimia:Ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ferrotitanium i ka ʻoihana kemika, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā reactors, nā paipu, nā pamu, etc.
Lapaʻau Lapaʻau:Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Ferrotitanium i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā hui artificial, implants dental, surgical implants, etc., no ka mea he biocompatible a he maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion.
ʻEnekinia moana: Ferrotitaniumua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kahua o ka ʻenekinia moana, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā lako mālama wai kai, nā ʻāpana moku, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi i ke kai moana.
Nā Mea Haʻuki:Hoʻohana pū kekahi mau mea haʻuki, e like me nā hui kolepa kiʻekiʻe, nā papa paikikala, a pēlā aku
ferrotitaniumka hao e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi o ka huahana.
Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻohana nuiʻia nā'āpana titanium-iron i nā kula he nui ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai maikaʻi loa a he mea pono loa ia no nā huahana e pono ai ke kū'ē i ka corrosion, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha māmā.