ʻO nā ferroalloys
ʻO nā ferroalloys nā mea hoʻoheheʻe haku i loko o ka hao a me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā metala nonferrous e like me nā mea hoʻohui. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ferroalloys i ʻelua ʻāpana: nā ferroalloys nui (i hana ʻia i nā mea nui i loko o nā kapuahi uila uila) a me nā ferroalloys kūikawā (i hana ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui). Hoʻohana wale ʻia nā ferroalloys nui i ka hana kila a me nā mea hoʻokumu kila, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ferroalloys kūikawā. Ma keʻano laulā, ma kahi o 90% o nā ferroalloys i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kila.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ferroalloys i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: bulk alloys (
ferrochrome,
ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, silicon manganese a me ferronickel) a me nā huila kūikawā (
ferrovanadium,
ferromolybdenum,
ferrotungsten,
ferrotitanium, ferroboron a me
ferroniobium).
Hana ʻia nā Ferroalloys
ʻElua kumu nui o ka hana ʻana i nā ferroalloys, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kalapona i hui pū ʻia me nā kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe kūpono, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka metallothermic me nā metala ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kaʻina hana mua e pili pinepine ana me nā hana pūʻulu, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope e hoʻohana nui ʻia e kālele ana i nā alloys kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Kaʻina Hana Poʻo
ʻO ke kaʻina hana arc submerged he hana hoʻoheheʻe hōʻemi. ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe he mau ores metala (ferrous oxide, silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chrome oxide, etc.). a me ka mea hoemi, he kumu kalapona, ma ke ano o ka coke, ka lanahu, ka lanahu ki'eki'e a me ka ha'aha'a, a me ka sawdust. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka limestone ma ke ʻano he flux. Hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā mea maka, a ma kekahi mau mea, maloʻo, ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana i kahi keʻena hui no ke kaupaona a me ka hui ʻana.
Hāʻawi nā conveyor, bākeke, skip elevators, a i ʻole nā kaʻa i ka mea i hana ʻia i kahi pahu ma luna o ka umu. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hui ʻana i ka umekaumaha ma o ka ʻauʻau hānai, i ka hoʻomau a i ʻole i ka manawa, e like me ka mea e pono ai. Ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe o ka wahi pane, hoʻopili ke kumu kalapona me nā ʻokikene metala e hana i carbon monoxide a hoʻemi i ka ʻai i nā metala kumu.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka umu ahi uila ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu uila i ka wela. ʻO ke ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā electrodes e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi au uila ma waena o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo electrode. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi wahi pane me nā mahana e like me 2000°C (3632°F). Ke holo nei ke au i waena o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo electrode, hoʻololi mau ka piko o kēlā me kēia electrode i ka polarity. No ka mālama ʻana i ka ukana uila like ʻole, hoʻololi mau ʻia ka hohonu electrode e ka mechanical a hydraulic paha.
Nā kaʻina hana exothermic (metallothermic).
Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā kaʻina hana exothermic no ka hana ʻana i nā alloys kiʻekiʻe me ka haʻahaʻa kalapona haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke hele pololei mai ka umu hoʻoheheʻe waena i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia kaʻina hana mai kahi umu ahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a mai kahi ʻano mea hoʻomehana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia ka silikoni a i ʻole aluminika me ka oxygen i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ʻauʻau hoʻoheheʻe.
ʻO ka Ferrochromium (FeCr) a me ka ferromanganese (FeMn) o ka haʻahaʻa a me ka maʻiʻo kalapona i hana ʻia e ka hoʻemi silika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻēmi alumini e hana i ka chromium metala,
ferrotitanium,
ferrovanadiuma me ka ferroniobium.
Ferromolybdenuma
ferrotungstenhana ʻia e ka alumini hui ʻia a me ke kaʻina hana wela silika. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka alumini ma mua o ke kalapona a i ʻole silika, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka huahana. Hana ʻia ka ferrochromium kalapona haʻahaʻa (LC) ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka chrome ore a me ka lime i loko o ka umu.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka nui o ka ferrosilicon i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi ipu kila. Hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o ka ferrosilicon papa waena i ka ladle. ʻO ka hopena he exothermic loa a hoʻokuʻu i ka chromium mai kāna ʻaila, e hana ana i ka LC ferrochrome a me ka calcium silicate slag. ʻO kēia slag, aia i loko o ka chromium oxide hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia, e hoʻoheheʻe me ka ferrochrome kalapona kiʻekiʻe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi ipu lua e hana ai i ka ferrochrome papa waena. Hana ʻia nā kaʻina hana exothermic i loko o nā moku hāmama a hiki ke hana i nā hoʻokuʻu e like me nā kaʻina arc submerged no kahi manawa pōkole i ke kaʻina hoʻemi.
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