Raw material preparation: The main raw materials for silicon metal are silicon dioxide (SiO2) and reducing agents for smelting, such as petroleum coke and charcoal. Raw materials need to be crushed, ground and other processing, in order to improve the reaction speed and reduction effect.
Smelting reduction: After mixing the raw materials, it is put into a high temperature electric furnace for smelting reduction. At high temperature, the reducing agent reacts with silica to produce silicon metal and some by-products, such as carbon monoxide. The melting process requires control of temperature, atmosphere and reaction time to ensure complete reaction.
Separation and purification: After cooling, the melted product is separated and purified. Physical methods, such as gravity separation and magnetic separation, are generally used to separate the silicon metal from the by-products. Then chemical methods, such as acid washing and dissolution, are used to remove impurities and improve the purity of silicon metal.
Refining treatment: In order to further improve the purity and quality of silicon metal, refining treatment is also required. Commonly used refining methods include redox method, electrolysis method and so on. Through these methods, the impurities in silicon metal can be removed, and its purity and crystal structure can be improved.
After the above steps, the silicon metal obtained can be further processed into products of different shapes and specifications. Common products include silicon wafers, silicon rods, silicon powder, etc., which are used in electronics, photovoltaics, solar energy and other fields. However, it should be noted that the production process of silicon metal may vary according to different manufacturers and product requirements, and the above steps are only a brief introduction of the general process.
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